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Introduction
Waves
Timeline

Agricultural
First Wave
1650-1849

Industrial
2nd Wave
1850-1949

Information
3rd Wave
1940-1999

Knowledge
4th Wave
2000-2025

Author
Contact

Workshop

Seating
Matrix

 

redborder550x15.gif (470 bytes) Changing Patterns in Educational Facilities

An REFP Workshop conducted at the CEFPI 1998 Vancouver Conference                page 1 of 5

Summary by Jeffery A. Lackney

Workshop Presentation Team: Randall Fielding, R.A., Jeffery A. Lackney, R.A., Ph.D., Tammy Magney, A.I.A., R.E.F.P., Richard Menzel, Ed.D.

Introduction:

With the millennium less than a year away, many planners today are focusing on the future of society, education and the impact these social forces might have on school facilities and learning environments generally. This workshop’s central focus was to identify and discuss these trends in some detail with members of CEFPI in a three-hour workshop setting. This workshop explored patterns in societal trends, educational approaches and facility design. Both historical trends and cutting edge approaches were explored. Participants worked in teams to answer questions and develop projections for educational and facility responses in the year 2025. The structure of the workshop followed closely Alvin Toffler’s book, "The Third Wave" in which he articulates three waves of societal change corresponding to the development and rise of the agricultural, industrial and information societies. Workshop participants were challenged with the task of speculating about the outlines of the present cultural transformation and pondering the influence this transformation may have on education and facilities. It should also be noted that the workshop focused primarily on the North American experience and North American expectations for the future.

TIMELINE SUMMARY OF CHANGING PATTERNS

WAVE
(North American Cultural Experience)

OVERARCHING PATTERNS

AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY
First Wave (1650-1849)
"THE VILLAGE"
INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY
Second Wave
(1850-1949)
"THE FACTORY"
INFORMATION SOCIETY
Third Wave
(1950-1999)
"THE COMPUTER"
KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY
The Next Wave?
(2000-2025)
"THE AGE OF IMAGINATION"?
"THE NEURAL NET"?
SOCIETAL PATTERNS Homogeneity
Holistic
Decentralized
Informal
Autonomy
Egalitarian/Autocratic
Institutionalization
Centralization
Standardization
Bureaucratic
Hierarchy
Conformity
Mechanization
Specialization
Decentralization
De-Institutionalization
Pluralism
Customization
Personalization
Heterogeneity
Networks & Connections
Coalitions
Global Socialization
Polarization
Sustainability
Instant Communication
Virtual Community
Networks
EDUCATIONAL APPROACHES THAT RESPOND TO SOCIETAL PATTERNS Natural multi-age groupings Horace Mann & Common School Movement
Maria Montessori
Waldorf
Dewey/Progressive Movement
Carnegie Units
Individually-based learning (60s)
Middle School Philosophy (60s)
Inclusion (70s-80s)
Back to Basics (80s)
Standards-based Education Movement (90s)
Interdisciplinary Instruction
Integrated curriculum
Community of learners
Self-directed, project-based, problem-based learning
Studio learning model
EDUCATIONAL
FACILITY
RESPONSES TO CHANGING EDUCATIONAL APPROACHES
Home Schooling

Church as learning environment

One-room Schoolhouse

Lancasterian School

Common School

Factory Model/Egg Crate Schools

Open Schools
Community Learning Centers
Magnet Schools
Alternative Learning Centers
House Plans
Self-directed Learning Environments
Virtual schools and Distance Learning Centers
Networks of learning settings
Learning communities
Life-long learning facilities
Home-schooling


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